[citation needed][needs update], According to the United Nations Development Programme, 48% of the population of Nicaragua live below the poverty line,[170] 79.9% of the population live with less than $2 per day,[171] According to UN figures, 80% of the indigenous people (who make up 5% of the population) live on less than $1 per day.[172]. Oaks, pines, moss, ferns and orchids are abundant in the cloud forests of the region. [209] A Japanese research of "Genomic Components in America's demography" demonstrated that, on average, the ancestry of Nicaraguans is 58–62% European, 28% Native American, and 14% African, with a very small Near Eastern contribution. [86] Somoza fled the country and eventually ended up in Paraguay, where he was assassinated in September 1980, allegedly by members of the Argentinian Revolutionary Workers' Party. [167] Remittances account for over 15% of the Nicaraguan GDP. [142], Mining is becoming a major industry in Nicaragua,[180] contributing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP). [142] In September 1980, UNESCO awarded Nicaragua the Soviet Union sponsored Nadezhda Krupskaya award for the literacy campaign. The urban lower class is characterized by the informal sector of the economy. [29]: 35 [32]: 92  There he encountered an indigenous Nahua tribe led by chief Macuilmiquiztli, whose name has sometimes been erroneously referred to as "Nicarao" or "Nicaragua". [150], A great variety of birds can be observed including eagles, toucans, parakeets and macaws. -No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. [45], Without women in their parties,[32]: 123  the Spanish conquerors took Nahua and Chorotega wives and partners, beginning the multiethnic mix of indigenous and European stock now known as "mestizo", which constitutes the great majority of the population in western Nicaragua. [262], Traditional street food snacks found in Nicaragua include "quesillo", a thick tortilla with soft cheese and cream, "tajadas" (deep-fried plantain chips), "maduros" (a sautéed ripe plantain), and "fresco" (fresh juices such as hibiscus and tamarind commonly served in a plastic bag with a straw). Nicaragua, oficialmente llamado República de Nicaragua, es un país ubicado en América Central.Su capital es la ciudad de Managua, aunque anteriormente era León.Está compuesta por quince departamentos y dos regiones autónomas: Costa Caribe Norte y Costa Caribe Sur.Se ubica en el hemisferio norte, entre la línea ecuatorial y el trópico de Cáncer, aproximadamente entre … Due to extreme poverty at home, many Nicaraguans are now living and working in neighboring El Salvador, a country that has the US dollar as its currency. Todas las noticias sobre Venezuela publicadas en EL PAÍS. [117] This "slow motion coup d'état" was averted partially by pressure from the Central American presidents, who vowed not to recognize any movement that removed Bolaños; the U.S., the OAS, and the European Union also opposed the action. [162], Nicaragua is a unitary republic. 20 years later, the Spaniards returned to Nicaragua, this time to its southwestern part. [204] It boasts a number of ecotourist tours and perfect places for adventurers. The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, particularly the latter, given the literary contributions of Nicaraguan poets and writers such as Rubén Darío. On the Pacific side of Nicaragua are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. The Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve was created by the eruption of the Apoyo Volcano about 23,000 years ago, which left a huge 7 km-wide crater that gradually filled with water. [123][124] Ortega was reported by Nicaraguan election officials as having received 72% of the vote. [19], There are two prevailing theories on how the name "Nicaragua" came to be. New York style and Cuban Salsa (Salsa Casino) elements have gained popularity across the country. [179] In the 1990s, the government initiated efforts to diversify agriculture. Every year about 60,000 U.S. citizens visit Nicaragua, primarily business people, tourists, and those visiting relatives. A new road between Nueva Guinea and Bluefields was completed in 2019 and allows regular bus service to the capital. Religious freedom, which has been guaranteed since 1939, and religious tolerance are officially promoted by the government and the constitution, but in recent years the Catholic Church and the regime led by Daniel Ortega have been in open conflict, with the latter being accused of using the police to harass clergy and bishops,[232] closing down Catholic media outlets, and even arresting a dozen members of the clergy, including Bishop Rolando Alvarez, of the Diocese of Matagalpa. And, in 2014, the Health Ministry in 2014 banned discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. REGLAS Generales de Comercio Exterior para 2022 ... [sistema a través del cual el SAT controla y vigila los saldos de las importaciones temporales ... El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua. Nicaragua definitively became an independent republic in 1838.[49]. [129] In the last week of May, thousands who accuse Mr. Ortega and his wife of acting like dictators joined in resuming anti-government rallies after attempted peace talks have remained unresolved.[130]. Notes: Crude oil and unfinished oils are reported by the PAD District in which they are processed; all other products are reported by the PAD District of entry. [46] Pedro Arias Dávila was a winner;[29]: 35  although he lost control of Panama, he moved to Nicaragua and established his base in León. Later that night, Sandino was assassinated by National Guard soldiers. Ortega vowed he would govern desde abajo (from below). Most government jobs de facto require membership in the FSLN. Although the army has had a rough military history, a portion of its forces, which were known as the national guard, became integrated with what is now the National Police of Nicaragua. [63] After the 1972 earthquake and Somoza's apparent corruption, the ranks of the Sandinistas were flooded with young disaffected Nicaraguans who no longer had anything to lose. Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific lowlands – fertile valleys which the Spanish colonists settled, the Amerrisque Mountains (North-central highlands), and the Mosquito Coast (Atlantic lowlands/Caribbean lowlands). The Civil War forced many Nicaraguans to start lives outside of their country. Western Nicaragua, at the Pacific Coast, became a port and shipbuilding facility for the Galleons plying the waters between Manila, Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Bachata, Merengue, Salsa and Cumbia have gained prominence in cultural centres such as Managua, Leon and Granada. The diaspora has seen Nicaraguans settling around in smaller communities in other parts of the world, particularly Western Europe. Las compras al exterior representan el 15,16% de su PIB, que es una baja proporción si la comparamos con la del resto de los países, así pues ocupa el puesto 15 de 192 países, del ranking de importaciones respecto al PIB, ordenado de menor a mayor porcentaje.. Las … In 1914, the Bryan–Chamorro Treaty was signed, giving the U.S. control over a proposed canal through Nicaragua, as well as leases for potential canal defenses. Politics of Nicaragua takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nicaragua is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The geologic activity that produces vulcanism also breeds powerful earthquakes. [38]: 159  Additionally, there were trade-related colonies in Nicaragua set up by the Aztecs starting in the 14th century. Combinations of styles from the Dominican Republic and the United States can be found throughout Nicaragua. After Mena's troops captured steam boats of an American company, the U.S. delegation asked President Díaz to ensure the safety of American citizens and property during the insurrection. [144][145][146][147], In addition to its beach and resort communities, the Pacific lowlands contains most of Nicaragua's Spanish colonial architecture and artifacts. [193] Previously, tourism had grown about 70% nationwide during a period of 7 years, with rates of 10%–16% annually. Las exportaciones se clasifican de acuerdo al Clasificador Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU), que agrupa el producto o bien por tipo de actividad económica. [48] The city was rebuilt northwest of the original,[47][48] which is now known as the ruins of León Viejo. [29]: 33 [31][32]: 65, At the end of the 15th century, western Nicaragua was inhabited by several indigenous peoples related by culture to the Mesoamerican civilizations of the Aztec and Maya, and by language to the Mesoamerican language area. He is called the "Father of Modernism" for leading the modernismo literary movement at the end of the 19th century. [233], Buddhism has increased with a steady influx of immigration. Its culture is similar to that of Caribbean nations that were or are British possessions, such as Jamaica, Belize, the Cayman Islands, etc. English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically along with Spanish and indigenous languages. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. [105][106][107][108], In 1983 the U.S. Congress prohibited federal funding of the Contras, but the Reagan administration illegally continued to back them by covertly selling arms to Iran and channeling the proceeds to the Contras in the Iran–Contra affair, for which several members of the Reagan administration were convicted of felonies. In the 19th century, Nicaragua experienced modest waves of immigration from Europe. [217] The death rate was 4.7 per 1,000 during the same period according to the United Nations.[218]. According to the update IMF forecasts from 14 April 2020, due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, GDP growth is expected to fall to -6% in 2020. Somoza granted this, then subsequently sent his national guard out into the countryside to look for the kidnappers, described by opponents of the kidnapping as "terrorists". En 2021 las importaciones en Perú crecieron un 35,84% 40,66% respecto al año anterior. [29]: 35, 193 [32]: 92  Córdoba soon built defenses for the cities and fought against incursions by other conquistadors. [5] Growth in the maquila sector slowed in the first decade of the 21st century with rising competition from Asian markets, particularly China. Actualmente la economía costarricense se basa en una estructura mixta y bastante diversificada, con fuertes inversiones en el sector de servicios y, en menor medida, agrícolas.. Continúan siendo importantes los ingresos por exportaciones de Costa Rica que proceden de productos agrícolas tradicionales, como lo son el banano, el café, el azúcar, el cacao y la piña. [126] A reporter from NPR spoke to protestors who explained that while the initial issue was about the pension reform, the uprisings that spread across the country reflected many grievances about the government's time in office, and that the fight is for President Ortega and his vice president wife to step down. Also present is a small Middle Eastern-Nicaraguan community of Syrians, Armenians, Jewish Nicaraguans, and Lebanese people in Nicaragua. Between 2007 and 2009, Nicaragua's major political parties discussed the possibility of going from a presidential system to a parliamentary system. [29]: 81  Invited by the Liberals in 1855 to join their struggle against the Conservatives, the American adventurer and filibuster William Walker set himself up as President of Nicaragua after conducting a farcical election in 1856; his presidency lasted less than a year. In 1909, the United States supported the conservative-led forces rebelling against President Zelaya. Nicaragua is in territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andrés y Providencia and Quita Sueño Bank and with Costa Rica over a boundary dispute involving the San Juan River. It was under British influence for nearly three centuries. Hacemos periodismo con pasión en #Barquisimeto. [258] The theatrical play was written by an anonymous author in the 16th century, making it one of the oldest indigenous theatrical/dance works of the Western Hemisphere. Thus the lake and the San Juan River were often proposed in the 19th century as the longest part of a canal route across the Central American isthmus. The first attempt to conquer Nicaragua was by the conquistador Gil González Dávila,[40] who had arrived in Panama in January 1520. 1. The "upper" peasants have sufficient resources to be economically independent. Las compras al exterior representan el 22,52% de su PIB, por lo que se encuentra en el puesto 51, de 192 países, del ranking de importaciones respecto al PIB, ordenado de menor a mayor porcentaje.. Las importaciones supusieron ese año 42.982,3 millones de euros 50.835,2 … There is a significant LDS missionary effort in Nicaragua. In Asia, Japan hosts a small Nicaraguan community. The main language is Spanish. On 9 June 2021, Nicaragua launched a new volcanic supersite research in strengthening the monitoring and surveillance of the country's 21 active volcanoes. The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.63/10, ranking it 146th globally out of 172 countries. [142][143] Roughly a century after the opening of the Panama Canal, the prospect of a Nicaraguan ecocanal remains a topic of interest. For administrative purposes it is divided into 15 departments (departamentos) and two self-governing regions (autonomous communities) based on the Spanish model. The Nicaraguan jungles, which represent about 9,700 square kilometres (2.4 million acres), are considered the lungs of Central America and comprise the second largest-sized rainforest of the Americas. [34] Prior to that, the Nicaraos had been associated with the Toltec civilization. U.S. motives included differences over the proposed Nicaragua Canal, Nicaragua's potential to destabilize the region, and Zelaya's attempts to regulate foreign access to Nicaraguan natural resources. In 2017, Nicaragua signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. In the western region, the Nahuas (Nicarao people) were present along with other groups such as the Chorotega people and the Subtiabas (also known as Maribios or Hokan Xiu). The Reagan administration authorized the CIA to help the Contra rebels with funding, weapons and training. [32]: 26–33 [34][35][36][37] Both Chorotegas and Nicaraos originated in Mexico's Cholula valley,[34] and migrated south. Nicaragua's central region and its Caribbean coast were inhabited by Macro-Chibchan language ethnic groups such as the Miskito, Rama, Mayangna, and Matagalpas. [266], Nicaragua has had its share of MLB players, including shortstop Everth Cabrera and pitcher Vicente Padilla, but the most notable is Dennis Martínez, who was the first baseball player from Nicaragua to play in Major League Baseball. [252] When it came to global rankings regarding gender equality, the World Economic Forum ranked Nicaragua at number twelve in 2015,[252] and in its 2020 report Nicaragua ranked number five, behind only northern European countries. Baseball was introduced to Nicaragua during the 19th century. Online news publications include Confidencial and The Nicaragua Dispatch. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. It was written in both Nicarao and Spanish. The black population is mostly composed of black English-speaking Creoles who are the descendants of escaped or shipwrecked slaves; many carry the name of Scottish settlers who brought slaves with them, such as Campbell, Gordon, Downs, and Hodgson. Musical instruments include the marimba and others common across Central America. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s. During the war between the US-backed Contras and the government of the Sandinistas in the 1980s, much of the country's infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. On September 29, 1956,[73] Somoza García was shot to death by Rigoberto López Pérez, a 27-year-old Liberal Nicaraguan poet. Some work alone, but others labor in the small talleres (workshops/factories) that are responsible for a large share of the country's industrial production. In 1610, the Momotombo volcano erupted, destroying the city of León. [44], The first Spanish permanent settlements were founded in 1524. Also, the cities of Masaya, Rivas and the likes of San Juan del Sur, El Ostional, the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception, Ometepe Island, the Mombacho volcano, and the Corn Islands among other locations are the main tourist attractions. [103] The Reagan administration criticized the elections as a "sham" based on the claim that Arturo Cruz, the candidate nominated by the Coordinadora Democrática Nicaragüense, comprising three right wing political parties, did not participate in the elections. The U.S. justified the intervention by claiming to protect U.S. lives and property. En tanto, las importaciones, se clasifican por uso o destino económico (CUODE), cuya estructura facilita el análisis económico de los flujos de comercio exterior. [52] Military forces from Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua itself united to drive Walker out of Nicaragua in 1857,[53][54][55] bringing three decades of Conservative rule. However, Alemán was convicted and sentenced in 2003 to 20 years in prison for embezzlement, money laundering, and corruption;[116] liberal and Sandinista parliament members combined to strip the presidential powers of President Bolaños and his ministers, calling for his resignation and threatening impeachment. However, the administration privately argued against Cruz's participation for fear that his involvement would legitimize the elections, and thus weaken the case for American aid to the Contras. Información, novedades y última hora sobre Venezuela. [62] When the Americans left in 1933, they set up the Guardia Nacional (national guard),[63] a combined military and police force trained and equipped by the Americans and designed to be loyal to U.S. interests. [5] This fluctuates with changes in migration patterns. Paraguay, situada en América del Sur, tiene una superficie de 406.752 Km 2.. Paraguay, con una población de 7.353.000 personas, se encuentra en la posición 105 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y mantiene una muy baja densidad de población, 18 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Asunción y su moneda Guaranies. Protestantism was brought to the Mosquito Coast mainly by British and German colonists in forms of Anglicanism and the Moravian Church. [119] As a result, Nicaragua is one of five countries in the world where abortion is illegal with no exceptions. Workers in the informal sector are self-employed, unsalaried family workers or employees of small-enterprises, and they are generally poor. La tasa de paro en noviembre de 2022 fue del 5,6% en Austria. [245], Primary education is free in Nicaragua. Because informal sector earnings are generally very low, few families can subsist on one income. [227][228][229], On the Caribbean coast, indigenous languages, English-based creoles, and Spanish are spoken. 14. [163], Nicaragua is among the poorest countries in the Americas. Northern Nicaragua is the most diversified region producing coffee, cattle, milk products, vegetables, wood, gold, and flowers. [5] Agriculture represents 15.5% of GDP, the highest percentage in Central America. Popular religion revolves around the saints, who are perceived as intercessors between human beings and God. Parties other than the ruling FSLN have been repressed through arbitrary arrest and detention of opposition candidates and activists. In August 1912, the President of Nicaragua, Adolfo Díaz, requested the secretary of war, General Luis Mena, to resign for fear he was leading an insurrection. The Act of Independence of Central America dissolved the Captaincy General of Guatemala in September 1821, and Nicaragua soon became part of the First Mexican Empire. Managua rose to undisputed preeminence as the nation's capital in 1852 to allay the rivalry between the two feuding cities. About a quarter of the country's agriculture takes place in this region, with coffee grown on the higher slopes. The low plains of the Atlantic Coast are 97 km (60 mi) wide in areas. [67], Nicaragua has experienced several military dictatorships, the longest being the hereditary dictatorship of the Somoza family, who ruled for 43 nonconsecutive years during the 20th century. Many of Nicaragua's dishes include indigenous fruits and vegetables such as jocote, mango, papaya, tamarindo, pipian, banana, avocado, yuca, and herbs such as cilantro, oregano and achiote. [237], Relative to its population, Nicaragua has not experienced large waves of immigration. In July 1823, after the overthrow of the Mexican monarchy in March of the same year, Nicaragua joined the newly formed United Provinces of Central America, country later known as the Federal Republic of Central America. [26][32]: 26–33  The Nicarao people were a branch of Nahuas who spoke the Nawat dialect and also came from Chiapas, around 1200 CE. [71] In 1945, Nicaragua was among the first countries to ratify the United Nations Charter.[72]. [195] The growth in tourism has also positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. Tango has also surfaced recently in cultural cities and ballroom dance occasions. The Pacific coast has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by Europeans. It is especially loud and celebrated during the Palo de Mayo festival in May. Some 12,000 species of plants have been classified thus far in Nicaragua, with an estimated 5,000 species not yet classified. José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909, negotiated the integration of the Mosquito Coast into Nicaragua. Exit polls of Nicaraguans reported Chamorro's victory over Ortega was achieved with a 55% majority. [175] Inflation reduced from 33,500% in 1988 to 9.45% in 2006, and the foreign debt was cut in half. The Nicaraguan Health System. Rainforests are found in the Río San Juan Department and in the autonomous regions of RAAN and RAAS. [173] In 2007, Nicaragua's economy was labelled "62.7% free" by the conservative think tank Heritage Foundation, with high levels of fiscal, government, labor, investment, financial, and trade freedom. Nicaragua's informal sector workers include tinsmiths, mattress makers, seamstresses, bakers, shoemakers, and carpenters; people who take in laundry and ironing or prepare food for sale in the streets; and thousands of peddlers, owners of small businesses (often operating out of their own homes), and market stall operators. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism. ", "Nicaragua: a renewable energy paradise in Central America", "Carbon Markets Are Making a Slow, But Steady, Comeback", "Nicaragua to join Paris climate accord, leaving US and Syria isolated", "Only U.S. and Syria Now Oppose Paris Climate Deal, as Nicaragua Joins", "Being outside the Paris climate deal: Something now only the U.S. and Syria agree on", "Paris Agreement – Status of Ratification", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Proyecto "Construcción del Puerto Monkey Point", "Empresas de seis países interesadas en Monkey Point", "Pittsburghers find once war-ravaged country is a good place to invest", "In Latin America's Second Largest Rainforest, an Indigenous Tribe Fights for Its Land", "10 reasons why you should visit Nicaragua", "National Parks and Protected Areas of Nicaragua", "Nicaragua bans freshwater shark fishing amid dwindling population numbers", "New Sanctions Following Sham Elections in Nicaragua", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. [248] This was one of a number of large-scale programs which received international recognition for their gains in literacy, health care, education, childcare, unions, and land reform. There is a growing expatriate community,[214] the majority of whom move for business, investment or retirement from across the world, such as from the US, Canada, Taiwan, and European countries; the majority have settled in Managua, Granada and San Juan del Sur. Senegal 2. El Banco Central de Nicaragua informó en noviembre que, durante los primero 9 meses de 2022, las exportaciones a China fueron de apenas 11.3 millones de dólares y las importaciones rebasaron los 798 millones. [242], The Nicaraguan government guarantees universal free health care for its citizens. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. España, situada en el sur de Europa, tiene una superficie de 505.970 Km 2.. España, con una población de 47.615.034 personas, se encuentra en la posición 30 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y presenta una moderada densidad de población, 94 habitantes por Km 2.. Su capital es Madrid y su moneda Euros. Health, Nutrition and Population of the World Bank. Most localities, from the capital of Managua to small rural communities, honor patron saints, selected from the Roman Catholic calendar, with annual fiestas. Nevertheless, it was argued that the true reason for this proposal was to find a legal way for President Ortega to stay in power after January 2012, when his second and last government period was expected to end. On May 2, 2018, university-student leaders publicly announced that they give the government seven days to set a date and time for a dialogue that was promised to the people due to the recent events of repression. Many of these volcanoes offer some great possibilities for tourists with activities such as hiking, climbing, camping, and swimming in crater lakes. [32]: 26–33  A third group, the Subtiabas, were an Oto-Manguean people who migrated from the Mexican state of Guerrero around 1200 CE. The other elements and manpower that were not devoted to the national police were sent over to cultivate the new Army of Nicaragua. [29]: 193 [32]: 92  Columbus explored the Mosquito Coast on the Atlantic side of Nicaragua[39] but did not encounter any indigenous people. Only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). [196] The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.[197]. He replied he could not, and asked the U.S. to intervene in the conflict. 2022 fue un año común comenzado en sábado en el calendario gregoriano, el número 2022 anno Domini, además del vigésimo segundo año del del siglo XXI y del iii milenio.Fue el tercer año del decenio de los 2020 y el segundo de la 3.ª década del siglo XXI.El año 2022 fue: El Año del Tigre, de acuerdo con el horóscopo chino. It is surrounded by the old crater wall. [122], In November 2016, Ortega was elected for his third consecutive term (his fourth overall). [266] Baseball did not catch on in the Pacific coast until 1891 when a group of mostly college students from the United States formed "La Sociedad de Recreo" (Society of Recreation) where they played various sports, baseball being the most popular. [262], For most Nicaraguans radio and TV are the main sources of news. Sand skiing has become a popular attraction at the Cerro Negro volcano in León. [29]: 35  Córdoba's tomb and remains were discovered in 2000 in the ruins of León Viejo. Local independent press organizations had documented at least 19 dead and over 100 missing in the ensuing conflict. Luis Somoza Debayle, the eldest son of the late president, was appointed president by the congress and officially took charge of the country. 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