Its goals are to educate the public and to reduce emission of harmful substances. A large industrial centre situated in Dolny Śląsk (Lower Silesia), Wrocław is the fourth largest city in Poland. Other Christian denominations present in Wrocław include Adventists, Baptists, Free Christians, Jehovah's Witnesses, Latter-day Saints, Methodists and Pentecostals. Traffic congestion is a significant issue in Wrocław as in most Polish cities; in early 2020 it was ranked as the fifth-most congested city in Poland, and 41st in the world. Wrocław was the host of the 2013 World Weightlifting Championships and will the host World Championship 2016 of Duplicate bridge and World Games 2017, a competition in 37 non-Olympic sport disciplines. [104] The city lies on the Oder River and its four tributaries, which supply it within the city limits – Bystrzyca, Oława, Ślęza and Widawa. On 5 June 1443, the city was rocked by an earthquake, estimated at ca. A large area of the city centre was demolished and turned into an airfield by the defenders. [100], In 2017, Wrocław hosted the 2017 World Games. Additionally, Kaufland Poland has its main headquarters in the city.[131]. The organisation gathered intelligence, carrying out sabotage and organising aid for Polish slave workers. [62] In 1920 a Polish consulate was opened on the Main Square. [73], During the invasion of Poland, which started World War II, in September 1939, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local Polish activists and banned Polish organizations,[71] and the city was made the headquarters of the southern district of the Selbstschutz, whose task was to persecute Poles. A marathon takes place in Wrocław every year in September. The remit of the council and president extends to all areas of municipal policy and development planning, up to and including development of local infrastructure, transport and planning permission. An attempted evacuation of the city took place in January 1945, with 18,000 people freezing to death in icy snowstorms of −20 °C (−4 °F) weather. Wrocław philologist and writer Marek Krajewski wrote a series of crime novels about detective Eberhard Mock, a fictional character from the city of Breslau. [90], In 1963, Wrocław was declared a closed city because of a smallpox epidemic. Wrocław has a bike rental network called the City Bike (Wrocławski Rower Miejski). [106], There are 44 city parks and public green spaces covering around 800 hectares. The medieval chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum (1112–1116) by Gallus Anonymus, named Wrocław, along with Kraków and Sandomierz, as one of three capitals of the Polish Kingdom. In 1863 the brothers Karl and Louis Stangen founded the travel agency Stangen, the second travel agency in the world. At the end of 1944 an additional 30,000–60,000 Poles were moved into the city after the Germans crushed the Warsaw Uprising. Accede con tu cuenta a Computrabajo y haz un seguimiento de todos tus procesos de selección. ", "Historical Overview of Wrocław – Wrocław in Your Pocket", "Maps Department – History of the collection", "Wroclaw in the history and memory of Poles", European Network Remembrance and Solidarity, "Biblioteka Uniwersytecka we Wrocławiu digitalizuje unikatowe zbiory", "Historisches Schöps von Browar Stu Mostow", "Edmond Halley, An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind, drawn from curious Tables of the Births and Funerals at the City of Breslaw; with an Attempt to ascertain the Price of Annuities upon Lives, Philosophical Transactions, 196 (London, 1693), p.596-610. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945 as part of the Recovered Territories, the result of extensive border changes and expulsions after the Second World War. Davies, Moorhouse, p. 396; van Rahden, Juden, pp. In 2011, Wrocław was visited by about 3 million tourists, and in 2016 about 5 million. Jalisco, Guadalajara, Farmacias San pablo Wrocław again flourished as an economic centre. [160][161] According to a statistical report from 2000, around 43% of all inhabitants in 1910 were born outside Silesia and migrated into the city, mostly from the contemporary regions of Greater Poland (then the Prussian Partition of Poland) or Pomerania. [196] The Salt Square (now a flower market) opened in 1242 is located at the south-western corner of the Market Square – close to the square, between Szewska and Łaciarska streets, is the domeless 13th-century St. Mary Magdalene Church, which during the Reformation (1523) was converted into Wrocław's first Protestant temple. [43], During the Napoleonic Wars, it was occupied by the Confederation of the Rhine army. [34] In 1941 the remnants of the pre-war Polish minority in the city, as well as Polish slave labourers, organised a resistance group called Olimp. [1] Since 2011, the population has been steadily rising, with a 0.142% increase between 2019 and 2020, and a 2.167% increase in the years 2011–2020. [171] Corrections? Muéstrate profesional y ganarás visibilidad. Wrocław Philharmonic, established in 1954 by Wojciech Dzieduszycki is also important for music lovers. However, Stalin insisted the border be drawn at the Lusatian Neisse farther west. The island is also home to five other Christian temples and churches, the Archbishop's Palace, the Archdiocese Museum, a 9.5-metre 18th-century monument dedicated to Saint John of Nepomuk, historic tenements and the steel Tumski Bridge from 1889. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu", "Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu", "Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu – Najlepsze studia ekonomiczne", "Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna im. The original foundation, Ostrów Tumski, became its religious centre. The 1900 census listed 98% of the population as German-speakers, with 5,363 Polish-speakers (1.3%), and 3,103 (0.7%) as bilingual in German and Polish. Wrocław (Polish: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] (listen);[a] German: Breslau,[b] pronounced [ˈbʁɛslaʊ̯] (listen); Silesian German: Brassel)[4] is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. [134], In February 2013, Qatar Airways launched its Wrocław European Customer Service. [56] Antisemitic riots occurred in 1923. Between 1342 and 1344, two fires destroyed large parts of the city. Taki jest smog", "Ogłosili Dolnośląski Alarm Smogowy. [13], The city is believed to be named after Duke Vratislav I of Bohemia from the Czech Přemyslid dynasty, who ruled the region between 915 and 921. The 1900 census listed 422,709 residents. The city is the seat of Wrocław Research Centre EIT+, which contains, inter alia, geological research laboratories to the unconventional and Lower Silesian Cluster of Nanotechnology. Paul Hefftner: Städtische evangelische Realschule I, Ursprung und Bedeutung der Ortsnamen im Stadtkreise Breslau, 1909, S. 9 ff. [64] Up to the beginning of World War II, Breslau was the largest city in Germany east of Berlin. ", "Mój Reporter: Czy ATM będzie nagrywał seriale we Wrocławiu? However, starting in 1526 Silesia was ruled by the Catholic House of Habsburg. It was the home of the Polish Laboratory Theatre, which was internationally famous for its innovative approaches to actor training and dramatic production in the 1960s and ’70s. [167] The Polish authorities together with the German Foreign Minister attended the official ceremony. During World War II the Nazis refortified the city, holding it until May 1945, when Soviet troops defeated the remaining German forces. It is also the home arena of the popular motorcycle speedway club WTS Sparta Wrocław, four-time Polish Champion. Reconstruction of the city began immediately, and by 1950 more than 50,000 new houses had been built, with an additional 50,000 by 1965. [85] The town's inhabitants who had not fled, or who had safely returned to their home town after the war officially had ended, were expelled between 1945 and 1949 in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement and were settled in the Soviet occupation zone or in the Allied Occupation Zones in the remainder of Germany. There are direct connections to Szczecin, Poznań, and to Warsaw Central through Łódź Fabryczna station. [207] It is the biggest beer festival in Poland. Omissions? [68], After Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor in 1933, political enemies of the Nazis were persecuted, and their institutions closed or destroyed. Picasso's lithograph, La Colombe (The Dove), a traditional, realistic picture of a pigeon, without an olive branch, was created on a napkin at the Monopol Hotel in Wrocław during the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace. Vaya, el correo y la contraseña no coinciden. The city has a sewage treatment plant on the Janówek estate. Obsłużyły 49 MLN pasażerów", "Najwięcej pasażerów w 2018 roku skorzystało z dworca Wrocław Główny", "Dworzec PKS, ul. [102], Since the end of the Cold War, Wrocław has come to terms with its German heritage, restoring its historical coat of arms and embracing the Austrian and Prussian aspects of the city's history during anniversary celebrations.[103]. Ciudad de México DF, Azcapotzalco, Farmacias San pablo [42] In the 1740s the Kingdom of Prussia annexed the city and most of Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession. Alertas personalizadas. [197], The Cathedral of St. Vincent and St. James and the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew's Collegiate Church are burial sites of Polish monarchs, Henry II the Pious and Henry IV Probus, respectively. [200] Free wireless Internet (Wi-Fi) is available at a number of places around town. [147] The station is supported by PKP Intercity, Polregio, Koleje Dolnośląskie and Leo Express. Aleja Bielany) and Bielany Trade Center, located in Bielany Wrocławskie where stores such as Auchan, Decathlon, Leroy Merlin, Makro, Tesco, IKEA, Jula, OBI, Castorama, Black Red White, Poco, E. Wedel, Cargill, Prologis and Panattoni can be found. [7][8] Wrocław also possesses numerous historical landmarks, including the Main Market Square, Cathedral Island, Wrocław Opera, the National Museum and the Centennial Hall, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1109 a major attack by German forces was repelled at nearby Psie Pole. Mis favoritos Mis favoritos Accede con tu cuenta a Computrabajo y marca como favoritos todos los empleos que desees guardar. [80][81], In 1945, the city became part of the front lines and was the site of the brutal Siege of Breslau. Wrocław (Polish: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] (); German: Breslau, pronounced [ˈbʁɛslaʊ̯] (); Silesian German: Brassel) is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia.It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten . [156] In 2018, the crude birth rate stood at 11.8 and the mortality rate at 11.1 per 1,000 residents. At the end of the Thirty Years' War, however, it was one of only a few Silesian cities to stay Protestant. [160] At the end of 1947, the city's population was estimated at 225,000 individuals, most of whom were migrants. Arrests were made for speaking Polish in public, and in 1938 the Nazi-controlled police destroyed the Polish cultural centre. ", "Narodowe Forum Muzyki – Kuryłowicz & Associates", "Tak Śląsk zdobył mistrzostwo 35 lat temu", "Football-Comeback des Jahres: Hamburg Sea Devils und Frankfurt Galaxy starten in der ELF", "Neues Hamburger Footballteam spielt im Stadion Hoheluft", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wrocław&oldid=1131668472, Source 1: IMGW (normals, except humidity), Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (humidity and extremes), Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa (University of Business in Wrocław), Gregor Thum, Obce miasto: Wrocław 1945 i potem, Wrocław: Via Nova, 2006, This page was last edited on 5 January 2023, at 06:01. Wrocław is also unique for its "Dzielnica Czterech Świątyń" (Borough of Four Temples) — a part of Stare Miasto (Old Town) where a synagogue, a Lutheran church, a Roman Catholic church and an Eastern Orthodox church stand near each other. Breslau was the last major city in Germany to surrender, capitulating only two days before the end of the war in Europe. Encuentra tu próximo trabajo hoy. 638,586. [9] Also in that year, Wrocław hosted the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards. Few survived the Holocaust. Electronic car rental systems include Traficar, Panek CarSharing (hybrid cars),[153][154] GoScooter and hop.city electric scooters using the mobile application. [89] In 1948, Wrocław organized the Recovered Territories Exhibition and the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace. [140] On average, a car driver in Wrocław annually spends seven days and two hours in a traffic jam. [167] Its White Stork Synagogue was completed in 1840,[167] and rededicated in 2010. In 2014, there were 104 such days. An earlier, equally devastating flood of the Oder river had taken place in 1903. Numerous Polish TV-series were also shot in Wrocław, notably Świat według Kiepskich, Pierwsza miłość, Belfer, and Four Tank-Men and a Dog. [142] A study in 2019 has revealed that there are approximately 130 vehicles per each parking spot, and the search for an unoccupied bay takes on average eight minutes. Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa ceded most of the territory in the Treaty of Breslau in 1742 to Prussia. Edited by Matthias Böhne", "How Wrocław found itself by saving its German-Polish literary heritage – Books – DW – 26.04.2016", "Wrocław's Christmas Market and Revolting Dwarves", "1813 and the lead up to the Battle of Leipzig", "Postcard from Wrocław: visually enchanting and historically fascinating", "200 lat temu ustanowiony został Krzyż Żelazny", "Territorial organisation of Breslau (German)", "Silesian concentration camp Breslau-Dürrgoy", "see article "Concentration Camps in and around Breslau 1940–1945", "Strafgefängnis und Jugendgefängnis Breslau", "Festung Breslau (Breslau Fortress) siege by the Soviet Army – photo gallery", "Breslau wird Wrocław – Über die Wandlung(en) eines Stadtnamens : literaturkritik.de", "Epidemia ospy prawdziwej we Wrocławiu – dziś mija 55 lat", "Uroczystość wręczenia "Krzyży Wolności i Solidarności" we Wrocławiu – 30 października 2019", "Zobacz unikatowe zdjęcia papieża Jana Pawła II z pielgrzymek do Wrocławia w 1983 i 1997 roku", "1997 great flood of Oder River – photo gallery", "1903 great flood of the Oder river – photo gallery", "Rejs nowych lodołamaczy Wód Polskich przez Wrocławski Węzeł Wodny", "Grupa marzeń na Euro 2012: zobacz typy znanych osób", "Rok z Europejską Stolicą Kultury Wrocław 2016 [PODSUMOWANIE]", "The World Games 2017– 10 Światowe Igrzyska Sportowe podbiły Wrocław! A cultural and scientific centre, Wrocław contains numerous educational institutions (including the University of Wrocław, founded in 1702 and rebuilt in 1945), museums, theatres and music centres, and a botanical garden and zoo. Wrocław's industry manufactures buses, railroad cars, home appliances, chemicals, and electronics. Archaeological findings indicate settlement on the site as early as the Stone Age, several thousand years ago. Recibir alertas con ofertas de empleo y recibir otras comunicaciones y promociones de DGNET Ltd. Únicamente se cederán datos por obligación legal. The National Forum of Music was opened in 2015 and is a famous landmark, designed by the Polish architectural firm, Kurylowicz & Associates. The city is also home to the Wrocław Zoo, which was established in 1865, making it the oldest zoological garden in Poland. During the battles with the Mongols Wrocław Castle was successfully defended by Henry II the Pious. 638,586. Wrocław, which for 350 years had been mostly under Polish hegemony, fell in 1335, after the death of Henry VI the Good, to the Kingdom of Bohemia, then a part of the Holy Roman Empire. [82] Adolf Hitler had in 1944 declared Breslau to be a fortress (Festung), to be held at all costs. The Olympic Stadium in Wrocław hosts the Speedway Grand Prix of Poland. [60] The central station (by Wilhelm Grapow, 1857) was one of the biggest in Germany and one of the first stations with electrified railway services. 232 Ofertas de trabajo de limpieza: Medio tiempo: ayudante, becario, auxiliar, limpieza. The airport handles passenger flights with LOT Polish Airlines, Buzz, Ryanair, Wizz Air, Lufthansa, Eurowings, Air France, KLM, Scandinavian Airlines, Swiss International Air Lines and air cargo connections. Empleos que se ajustan a tu perfil. The diocese was founded in the city as early as 1000, it was one of the first dioceses in the country at that time. Following the fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, the Piast dynasty ruled the Duchy of Silesia. [167] Four years later, in 2014, it celebrated its first ordination of four rabbis and three cantors since the Holocaust. As a direct result of fighting during World War II, 90 percent of the city’s industry and 70 percent of its residential area were heavily damaged or entirely destroyed. [31] Polish gradually ceased to be used in the town books, while it survived in the courts until 1337. [113] Approximately 84% of residents believe that air pollution is a serious social problem, according to a poll from May 2017, and 73% of people believe that air quality is poor. The city was first recognized in the 10th century as Vratislavia on account of the Bohemian duke Vratislav I's stronghold there, hence the name. Important landmarks were inaugurated in 1910, the Kaiser bridge (today Grunwald Bridge) and the Technical University, which now houses the Wrocław University of Technology. The Gestapo began actions against Polish and Jewish students (see: Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau), Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists. The Wrocław Opera House, Monopol Hotel, University Library, Ossolineum, the National Museum and the castle-like District Court are among some of the grandest and most recognizable historic structures. In 1939, of 620,976 inhabitants 368,464 were Protestants (United Protestants; mostly Lutherans and minority Reformed; in the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union), 193,805 Catholics, 2,135 other Christians and 10,659 Jews. Ciudad de México DF, Benito Juárez, Grupo Tony In August 1920, during the Polish Silesian Uprising in Upper Silesia, the Polish Consulate and School were destroyed, while the Polish Library was burned down by a mob. This article was most recently revised and updated by, CRW Flags - Flag of Wroclaw city (Poland), Wrocław - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Major museums also include the City Museum of Wrocław (pl), Museum of Bourgeois Art in the Old Town Hall, Museum of Architecture, Archaeological Museum (pl), Museum of Natural History at University of Wrocław, Museum of Contemporary Art in Wrocław, Archdiocese Museum (pl), Galeria Awangarda, the Arsenal, Museum of Pharmacy (pl), Post and Telecommunications Museum (pl), Geological Museum (pl), the Mineralogical Museum (pl), Ethnographic Museum (pl). Jesteśmy w czołówce najbardziej zatłoczonych miast", "Wrocław wśród najbardziej zakorkowanych miast w Europie", "Samochody we Wrocławiu głównie stoją. [27][24][28], In the 13th century, Wrocław was the political centre of the divided Polish kingdom. [202], Wrocław Zoo is home to the Africarium – the only space devoted solely to exhibiting the fauna of Africa with an oceanarium. [28] The enlarged town covered around 60 hectares (150 acres), and the new main market square, surrounded by timber-frame houses, became the trade centre of the town. Pop. During the ensuing Thirty Years' War, the city was occupied by Saxon and Swedish troops and lost thousands of inhabitants to the plague.[40]. Tickets are one-ride or temporary (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 24, 48, 72, or 168 hours). [168][169], In 2007, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wrocław established the Pastoral Centre for English Speakers, which offers Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation, as well as other sacraments, fellowship, retreats, catechesis and pastoral care for all English-speaking Catholics and non-Catholics interested in the Catholic Church. [22], During Wrocław's early history, control over it changed hands between the Duchy of Bohemia (until 992, then 1038–1054), the Duchy of Poland and the Kingdom of Poland (992–1038 and 1054–1202). [83] By the end of the three-month siege in May 1945, half the city had been destroyed. In the 13th century, two Polish monarchs were buried in Wrocław churches founded by them, Henry II the Pious in the St. Vincent church[34] and Henryk IV Probus in the Holy Cross church.[35]. 3,8 There are also occasional sightings of escaped muskrat, american mink and raccoon. 4,0 [144][145] Among the permanent and traditional destinations are Warsaw, Amsterdam, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Zürich and Budapest. While the Polish Piast dynasty remained in control of the region, the ability of the city council to govern itself independently increased. [108] As in other large Polish cities, the most numerous are pigeons. Hace 3 horas. ", "Najgłośniejsze filmy powstałe we Wrocławiu – Twój Vincent i inne", "Międzynarodowy Festiwal Teatralny Dialog – Wrocław • Naprzód! In 2019 over a 3.5 million passengers passed through the airport, placing it fifth on the list of busiest airports in Poland. A large industrial centre situated in Dolny Śląsk (Lower Silesia), Wrocław is the fourth largest city in Poland. The university and many other fine architectural monuments were reconstructed, and modern industrial districts were built to house the growing population. Wrocław is classified as a Gamma global city by GaWC. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. At the invitation of Silesian authorities in the 13th century, many Germans migrated to Wrocław. [41] Halley's tables and analysis, published in 1693, are considered to be the first true actuarial tables, and thus the foundation of modern actuarial science. The most notable are Szczytnicki Park, Park Południowy (South Park) and Anders Park. The city's first municipal seal was inscribed with Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. Following the First World War, Breslau became the capital of the newly created Prussian Province of Lower Silesia of the Weimar Republic in 1919. [78] Many prisoners died, and the remaining were evacuated to the main camp of Groß-Rosen in January 1945. [216], Wrocław's opera traditions are dating back to the first half of the seventeenth century and sustained by the Wrocław Opera, built between 1839 and 1841. There are 3 general consulates in Wrocław – Germany, Hungary and Ukraine, and 23 honorary consulates – Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Chile, Denmark, Georgia, Estonia, France, Finland, Spain, India, Kazakhstan, Korea, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Mexico, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Italy. He leído y acepto las Condiciones Legales incluidas en el, Ayudante general aseo Baños Basílica de Guadalupe, INMOBILIARIA E INVERSIONISTA LAS PEÑAS SA, Auxiliar de limpieza turno nocturno Suc Blvrd Bernardo Quintana Arrioja, Auxiliar de limpieza prestaciones superiores de ley. It is also the third-largest zoo in the world in terms of the number of animal species on display. [17] In other languages, the city's name is: modern Czech: Vratislav, Hungarian: Boroszló, Hebrew: ורוצלב (Vrotsláv), Yiddish: ברעסלוי (Bresloi), Silesian: Wrocław, Silesian German: Brassel and Latin: Vratislavia, Wratislavia or Budorgis.[18][19]. Much of the city south of the Oder River was devastated during the Mongol invasion in 1241. In August 1945 Wrocław became part of Poland. 4,2 [54], In 1890, construction began of Breslau Fortress as the city's defenses. The history of Wrocław is described in minute detail in the monograph Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City by Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse. The Wrocław Cathedral, one of the tallest churches in Poland, was erected in the mid 10th century and later expanded over the next hundreds of years. [210] A number of books have been written about Wrocław following World War II. [207], Each year in November and December the Christmas market is held at the Main Market Square. 4,1 [61] Since 1900 modern department stores like Barasch (today "Feniks") or Petersdorff (built by architect Erich Mendelsohn) were erected. Wrocław contains Poland’s largest flour mills, an electronics and data-processing industry, foundries, heavy-machinery plants, textile mills, the Hutmen copper plant, and food-processing facilities. Wrocław's population is predominantly Roman Catholic, like the rest of Poland. Sucha, 1 | Galeria Wroclavia (Wroclaw, Polska): rozkład jazdy, adres i telefon dworca", "Wrocław stawia na rowery. [14] These orders erected buildings that shaped the city's appearance until 1945. Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Grupo Charly / Skechers In a report by French Respire organization, from 2014, Wrocław was ranked the eighth most polluted European city, with 166 days of bad air quality per year. [86] The Polish name of Wrocław was declared official. [31] The city, however, retained its multi-ethnic character, a reflection of its importance as a trading post on the junction of the Via Regia and the Amber Road. The city’s German inhabitants fled westward during 1944–45 or were evacuated in subsequent years, and thenceforth the population was exclusively Polish. Contemporary Wrocław has one of the highest concentration of foreigners in Poland alongside Warsaw and Poznań; a significant majority are migrant workers from Ukraine; others came from Italy, Spain, South Korea, India, Russia and Turkey. Tajemniczy obrzęd polskich pogan", "10 lat Pastoral Centre for English-Speakers", "Ranking Szkół Wyższych tygodnika WPROST", "Uniwersytet Medyczny im. One of the most important events during this period was the foundation of the Diocese of Wrocław by the Polish Duke and from 1025, King Bolesław the Brave in 1000. Prominent writers from Wrocław, clockwise from upper left: Stanisław Rospond, „Dawny Wrocław i jego okolica w świetle nazewnictwa”, Sobótka, 1970. [49] After the outbreak of the uprising in 1863, the Prussian police carried out mass searches of Polish homes, especially those of Poles who had recently come to the city. All buses and big part of trams is low-floor. The International Theatre Festival Dialog-Wrocław is held every two years. It was already mapped on Claudius Ptolemy's map of AD 142–147. Marii Magdaleny", "Tajemnica pewnego pochówku – Medievalis", "Wrocław hailed European Best Destination 2018! [117] In addition to that, the temperatures in the city centre often tend to be higher than on the outskirts due to the urban heat island effect. The reconstructed university served as a major centre of science; Johannes Brahms later wrote his Academic Festival Overture to thank the university for an honorary doctorate awarded in 1879. [160], Following the end of the Second World War and post-1945 expulsions of the pre-war population, Wrocław became predominantly Polish-speaking. The number of Poles as a percentage of the total population fell to just 0.5% after the re-emergence of Poland as a state in 1918, when many moved to Poland. In March 2015 Wrocław filed an application to become a UNESCO City of Literature[212] and received it in 2019. Wrocław is home to Poland's largest shopping mall – Bielany Avenue (pl. [34] The remains were transported to other places by the Germans, and they have not been found to this day. [101], Wrocław won the European Best Destination title in 2018. 4,2 [20] Settlements in the area existed from the 6th century onward during the migration period. 4,1 4,2 Along with the Bishoprics of Kraków and Kołobrzeg, Wrocław was placed under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland, founded by Pope Sylvester II through the intercession of Polish Duke Bolesław I the Brave and Emperor Otto III in 1000, during the Gniezno Congress. In 1741 the city, which had for centuries had a large German population, fell to Prussia under the rule of Frederick II (the Great) and eventually became part of Germany. [211] Accordingly, Michał Kaczmarek published Wrocław according to Eberhard Mock – Guide based on the books by Marek Krajewski. A small part of the city was also flooded during the flood of 2010. Although the city was overwhelmingly German-speaking, the ethnic composition based on heritage or place of birth was mixed. Tadeusz Lewicki, Polska i kraje sąsiednie w świetle „Księgi Rogera” geografa arabskiego z XII w. Al Indrisi’ego, cz.I, Polska Akademia Nauk. The lack of parking space is also a major setback; private lots or on-street pay bays are the most common means of parking. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. – AZS Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu", "Wrocław z tytułem European Best Destination 2018! In 1929, the Werkbund opened WuWa (German: Wohnungs- und Werkraumausstellung) in Breslau-Scheitnig, an international showcase of modern architecture by architects of the Silesian branch of the Werkbund. Te avisaremos con nuevas ofertas. [219] Wrocław also hosts the Wrocław Open, a professional tennis tournament that is part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It lies along the Oder River at its confluence with the Oława, Ślęza, Bystrzyca, and Widawa rivers. In 1335 Wrocław passed to Bohemia with the rest of Silesia, and in 1526 it passed to the Habsburgs. [59] The Centennial Hall was built by Max Berg (1870–1947), since 2006 it is part of the world heritage of UNESCO. There are several theatres and theatre groups, including Polish Theatre (Teatr Polski) with three stages, and Contemporary Theatre (Wrocławski Teatr Współczesny). Se precisa Urgente Empleo destacado. [152] In addition to regular bicycles, tandem, cargo, electric, folding, tricycles, children's, and handbikes are available, operating every year from 1 March to 30 November. "Breslau" redirects here. [167], Post-war resettlements from Poland's ethnically and religiously more diverse former eastern territories (known in Polish as Kresy) and the eastern parts of post-1945 Poland (see Operation Vistula) account for a comparatively large portion of Greek Catholics and Orthodox Christians of mostly Ukrainian and Lemko descent. A gondola lift over the Oder called Polinka began operation in 2013. The city council is made up of 39 councilors and is directly elected by the city's inhabitants. 4,2 The position of Wrocław in the Silesian Lowlands, which are themselves located just north of the Sudetes and to the southwest of the Trzebnickie Hills, creates a favourable environment for accumulation of heat in the Oder river valley between Wrocław and Opole. Other common species are the sparrow, tree sparrow, siskin, rook, crow, jackdaw, magpie, swift, martin, swallow, kestrel, mute swan, mallard, coot, merganser, black-headed gull, great tit, blue tit, long-tailed tit, greenfinch, hawfinch, collared dove, common wood pigeon, fieldfare, redwing, common starling, grey heron, white stork, common chaffinch, blackbird, jay, nuthatch, bullfinch, cuckoo, waxwing, lesser spotted woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, white-backed woodpecker, white wagtail, blackcap, black redstart, old world flycatcher, emberizidae, goldfinch, western marsh harrier, little bittern, common moorhen, reed bunting, remiz, great reed warbler, little crake, little ringed plover and white-tailed eagle. Prior to World War II, Breslau was mostly inhabited by Protestants, followed by a large Roman Catholic and a significant Jewish minority. Wrocław possesses a scooter-sharing system of Lime, Bird, Bolt and Hive Free Now – motorized scooter rental is available using a mobile application. Centennial Hall (1911–13), a noted example of reinforced-concrete architecture, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2006. [125] The city is a separate urban gmina and city-county. ", "Wpływ zanieczyszczeń powietrza na zdrowie mieszkańców Dolnego Śląska", "73% wrocławian źle ocenia jakość powietrza w mieście", "Ekspert: Po Wrocławiu powinno się już chodzić z maseczką na twarzy. [74] For most of the war, the fighting did not affect the city. The number of Jews remaining in Breslau fell from 23,240 in 1925 to 10,659 in 1933. The public transport in Wrocław comprises 99 bus lines and a well-developed network of 23 tram lines (with a length over 200 kilometres) operated by the Municipal Transport Company MPK (Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne). The Ślężans, a West Slavic tribe, settled on the Oder river and erected a fortified gord on Ostrów Tumski. Disfruta de una mejor experiencia con nuestra app, Ingresa y encuentra empleo con una mejor experiencia. The city's last pre-war German school was closed in 1963. [189] Fine examples of Neoclassicism, Gründerzeit and Historicism are also scattered across the city's central precinct. Breslau, S.59, Dumont(direkt)-Verlag, 2013. It is the oldest zoological garden in Poland established in 1865. [44], The Confederation of the Rhine had increased prosperity in Silesia and in the city. [85], Following the Yalta Conference held in February 1945 where the new geopolitics of Central Europe were decided, the terms of the Potsdam Conference decreed that with almost all of Lower Silesia, the city would become part of Poland in exchange for Poland's loss of the city of Lwów along with the massive territory of Kresy in the east, which was annexed by the Soviet Union. The basement of the old City Hall houses one of the oldest restaurants in Europe—Piwnica Świdnicka (operating since around 1273),[206] while the basement of the new City Hall contains the brewpub Spiż. Wrocław, German Breslau, city, capital of Dolnośląskie województwo (province), southwestern Poland. Ale dokąd? [99], In 2016, Wrocław was declared the European Capital of Culture. In 1913, the newly built Centennial Hall housed an exhibition commemorating the 100th anniversary of the historical German Wars of Liberation against Napoleon and the first award of the Iron Cross. Mis Alertas Mis Alertas Accede con tu cuenta a Computrabajo y crea alertas de empleo. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the city has had a developing high-tech sector. Idzie do remontu", "Wrocławskie kamienice: Piwnica Świdnicka", "Wrocław Good Beer Festival 8–10.06.2018 – Wrocławski Festiwal Dobrego Piwa 2018", "The National Museum in Wrocław. During the Counter-Reformation, the intellectual life of the city flourished, as the Protestant bourgeoisie lost some of its dominance to the Catholic orders as patrons of the arts. [146] Low-cost flights are common among British, Italian, Spanish and Ukrainian travellers, based on the number of destinations. Tienes derecho a acceder, rectificar y suprimir los datos, así como otros derechos, cuyo detalle se incluye en nuestra Política de Privacidad completa. In Biskupice Podgórne (Community Kobierzyce) there are factories of LG (LG Display, LG Electronics, LG Chem, LG Innotek), Dong Seo Display, Dong Yang Electronics, Toshiba, and many other companies, mainly from the electronics and home appliances sectors, while the Nowa Wieś Wrocławska factory and distribution centre of Nestlé Purina and factories a few other enterprises. These variations included Vratizlau, Wratislau, Wrezlau or Breßlau among others. ", "Dlaczego Wrocław jest miastem krasnali? By the 15th century, the Early New High German variations of the name, Breslau, first began to be used. [65], Known as a stronghold of left wing liberalism during the German Empire, Breslau eventually became one of the strongest support bases of the Nazi Party, which in the 1932 elections received 44% of the city's vote, their third-highest total in all Germany. [135], Wrocław is a major transport hub, situated at the crossroad of many routes linking Western and Central Europe with the rest of Poland. [157], Historically, the city's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and 20th centuries; in the year 1900 approximately 422,709 people were registered as residents and by 1933 the population was already 625,000. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The 672-kilometre highway beginning at Jędrzychowice connects Lower Silesia with Opole and the industrial Upper Silesian metropolis, Kraków, Tarnów and Rzeszów. There is also a regular connection to Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Wien Hauptbahnhof (Vienna), as well as indirect to Praha hlavní nádraží (Prague) and Budapest-Nyugati with one transfer depending on the carrier. [109][110], Air pollution is a considerable issue in Wrocław. [201], Wrocław is a major attraction for both domestic and international tourists. [117] Wrocław is therefore the warmest city in Poland, among those tracked by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW), with the mean annual temperature of 9.7 °C (49 °F).[118]. The history of the city dates back over a thousand years;[5] at various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany. Around 1000, the town had about 1,000 inhabitants. [10] It was placed among the top 100 cities in the world for the Mercer Quality of Living Survey 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 and in the top 100 of the smartest cities in the world in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2017 and 2019 report. However, in November 1474, Kings Casimir IV of Poland, his son Vladislaus II of Bohemia, and Matthias Corvinus of Hungary met in the nearby village of Muchobór Wielki (present-day a district of Wrocław), and in December 1474 a ceasefire was signed according to which the city remained under Hungarian rule. [46], The city was an important centre of the Polish secret resistance movement and the seat of a Polish uprising committee before and during the January Uprising of 1863–1864 in the Russian Partition of Poland. Accede con tu cuenta a Computrabajo y marca como favoritos todos los empleos que desees guardar. Co oceniano? Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Querétaro, Querétaro, Argo Almacenadora, S.A. de C.V. They first appeared in 2005. | Norman Davies official website", "Following the footsteps of Eberhard Mock", "Wrocław becomes UNESCO City of Literature! During the German era, the demonym was "Breslauer". Tú crea alertas de empleo y nosotros te avisaremos. The city houses factories and development centres of many foreign and domestic corporations, such as WAGO Kontakttechnik, Siemens, Bosch, Whirlpool Corporation, Nokia Networks, Volvo, HP, IBM, Google, Opera Software, Bombardier Transportation, WABCO and others. In December 2020, the population of Wrocław was estimated at 641,928 individuals, of which 342,215 were women and 299,713 were men. [71] Also many other people seen as "undesirable" by Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps. [203], Small passenger vessels on the Oder offer river tours, as do historic trams or the converted open-topped historic buses Jelcz 043. [25] In 1109 during the Polish-German war, Prince Bolesław III Wrymouth defeated the King of Germany Henry V at the Battle of Hundsfeld, stopping the German advance into Poland. [87], The Polish population was dramatically increased by the resettlement of Poles during postwar population transfers during the forced deportations from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union in the east region, some of whom came from Lviv (Lwów), Volhynia, and the Vilnius Region. Revísalo y confirma la alerta para activarla. [15], The original Old Czech language version of the name was used in Latin documents, as Vratislavia or Wratislavia. A small German minority (about 1,000 people, or 2% of the population) remains in the city, so that today the relation of Polish to German population is the reverse of what it was a hundred years ago. [45], In 1821, the (Arch)Diocese of Breslau withdrew from dependence on the Polish archbishopric of Gniezno, and Breslau became an exempt see. There are several examples of Art Nouveau and Modernism in pre-war retail establishments such as the Barasch-Feniks, Petersdorff-Kameleon and Renoma department stores. An interesting way to explore the city is seeking out Wrocław's dwarfs – over 600 small bronze figurines can be found across the city, on pavements, walls and lampposts. During winter (December – February) 200 bikes are available in the system. [188] Several architectural landmarks and edifices are one of the best examples of Brick Gothic and Baroque architecture in the country. The present-day city prides itself on its numerous parks and restored historical treasures. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
Inversión Para Un Taller Mecánico, Función Inversa Es Inyectiva, Carnaval Tacneño Vestimenta, Que Es Una Carrera Técnica Superior, Eddie Stranger Things Vampiro, Esquema De Proyecto De Investigación Ucv, Venta De Nissan Usados En Lima En Soles,